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1.
Virulence ; 15(1): 2339703, 2024 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38576396

ABSTRACT

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has posed enormous challenges to global public health. The use of antibiotics has greatly increased during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic owing to the presence of bacterial co-infection and secondary bacterial infections. The antibiotics daptomycin (DAP) is widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria owing to its highly efficient antibacterial activity. It is pivotal to study the antibiotics usage options for patients of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) with pneumonia those need admission to receive antibiotics treatment for bacterial co-infection in managing COVID-19 disease. Herein, we have revealed the interactions of DAP with the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the variant Omicron (B1.1.529) using the molecular docking approach and Omicron (B1.1.529) pseudovirus (PsV) mimic invasion. Molecular docking analysis shows that DAP has a certain degree of binding ability to the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and several derived virus variants, and co-incubation of 1-100 µM DAP with cells promotes the entry of the PsV into human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)-expressing HEK-293T cells (HEK-293T-hACE2), and this effect is related to the concentration of extracellular calcium ions (Ca2+). The PsV invasion rate in the HEK-293T-hACE2 cells concurrently with DAP incubation was 1.7 times of PsV infection alone. In general, our findings demonstrate that DAP promotes the infection of PsV into cells, which provides certain reference of antibiotics selection and usage optimization for clinicians to treat bacterial coinfection or secondary infection during SARS-CoV-2 infection.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Daptomycin , Molecular Docking Simulation , SARS-CoV-2 , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Humans , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry , Daptomycin/pharmacology , Daptomycin/therapeutic use , COVID-19/virology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Protein Binding , Virus Internalization/drug effects , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , HEK293 Cells , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry
2.
J Nat Prod ; 84(11): 3001-3007, 2021 11 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34677966

ABSTRACT

The pressing need for SARS-CoV-2 controls has led to a reassessment of strategies to identify and develop natural product inhibitors of zoonotic, highly virulent, and rapidly emerging viruses. This review article addresses how contemporary approaches involving computational chemistry, natural product (NP) and protein databases, and mass spectrometry (MS) derived target-ligand interaction analysis can be utilized to expedite the interrogation of NP structures while minimizing the time and expense of extraction, purification, and screening in BioSafety Laboratories (BSL)3 laboratories. The unparalleled structural diversity and complexity of NPs is an extraordinary resource for the discovery and development of broad-spectrum inhibitors of viral genera, including Betacoronavirus, which contains MERS, SARS, SARS-CoV-2, and the common cold. There are two key technological advances that have created unique opportunities for the identification of NP prototypes with greater efficiency: (1) the application of structural databases for NPs and target proteins and (2) the application of modern MS techniques to assess protein-ligand interactions directly from NP extracts. These approaches, developed over years, now allow for the identification and isolation of unique antiviral ligands without the immediate need for BSL3 facilities. Overall, the goal is to improve the success rate of NP-based screening by focusing resources on source materials with a higher likelihood of success, while simultaneously providing opportunities for the discovery of novel ligands to selectively target proteins involved in viral infection.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Biological Products/pharmacology , Drug Discovery , Computational Biology , Databases, Chemical , Databases, Protein , Ligands , Mass Spectrometry , Protein Interaction Mapping , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
3.
J Gen Virol ; 102(4)2021 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33830908

ABSTRACT

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused a pandemic with tens of millions of cases and more than a million deaths. The infection causes COVID-19, a disease of the respiratory system of divergent severity. No treatment exists. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major component of green tea, has several beneficial properties, including antiviral activities. Therefore, we examined whether EGCG has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. EGCG blocked not only the entry of SARS-CoV-2, but also MERS- and SARS-CoV pseudotyped lentiviral vectors and inhibited virus infections in vitro. Mechanistically, inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike-receptor interaction was observed. Thus, EGCG might be suitable for use as a lead structure to develop more effective anti-COVID-19 drugs.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Catechin/analogs & derivatives , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Tea/chemistry , Animals , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Betacoronavirus/physiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/virology , Catechin/pharmacology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chlorocebus aethiops , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Lentivirus/drug effects , Lentivirus/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/physiology , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics , Vero Cells , Virus Attachment/drug effects , Virus Replication/drug effects
6.
Washington; PAHO; Mar. 25, 2021. 207 p.
Non-conventional in English | PIE | ID: biblio-1151556

ABSTRACT

The urgent need for evidence on measures to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic had led to a rapid escalation in numbers of studies testing potential therapeutic options. The vast amount of data generated by these studies must be interpreted quickly so that physicians have the information to make optimal treatment decisions and manufacturers can scale-up production and bolster supply chains. Moreover, obtaining a quick answer to the question of whether or not a particular intervention is effective can help investigators involved in the many ongoing clinical trials to change focus and pivot to more promising alternatives. Since many physicians are currently using treatments that rely on compassionate-use exemptions or off-label indications to treat patients with COVID-19, it is crucial that they have access to the most up-to-date research evidence to inform their treatment decisions. To address this evidence gap, we compiled the following database of evidence on potential therapeutic options for COVID-19. We hope this information will help investigators, policy makers, and prescribers navigate the flood of relevant data to ensure that management of COVID-19, at both individual and population levels, is based on the best available knowledge. We will endeavor to continually update this resource as more research is released into the public space.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
10.
An. R. Acad. Nac. Farm. (Internet) ; 87(1): 53-96, ene.-mar. 2021. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-201634

ABSTRACT

Los detergentes son anfifilos solubles que poseen la capacidad de solubilizar grasas, dando lugar a micelas mixtas lípido-detergente, que son solubles en agua. Los detergentes son ampliamente utilizados en las industrias alimentaria y de bebidas, textil, médica y farmacéutica, entre otras. En biología molecular, los detergentes son herramientas insustituibles en la solubilización de las membranas celulares y la posterior purificación de proteínas de membrana. La presente revisión resume cuatro décadas de investigación sobre detergentes en el laboratorio de los autores. Una introducción sobre los detergentes y las membranas va seguida por una descripción cuantitativa detallada del mecanismo de solubilización de la membrana por los detergentes, y por una discusión crítica del concepto de membranas resistentes a los detergentes en relación con la hipótesis de las balsas lipídicas (rafts). A continuación, se incluye una sección experimental que resume los principales resultados del grupo de los autores. Finalmente, se describen algunas aplicaciones biofarmacéuticas. Como ejemplo práctico, se discute el uso de jabón de tocador en la prevención de la COVID-19


Detergents are soluble amphiphiles that possess the capacity to solubilize fats, giving rise to water-soluble, lipid-detergent mixed micelles. Detergents find an extensive use in food and drink, textile, medical and pharmaceutical industries, among others. In molecular biology, detergents are irreplaceable tools in the solubilization of cell membranes and subsequent membrane protein purification. The present review summarizes four decades of investigation on detergents in the authors' laboratory. An introduction on detergents and membranes is followed by a detailed, quantitative description of the mechanism of membrane solubilization by detergents, and a critical discussion of the concept of detergent-resistant membranes as related to the lipid raft hypothesis. An experimental section follows, summarizing the main results in the authors' group. Finally, some biopharmaceutical applications are described. As a working example, the use of toilet soap in the prevention of COVID-19 is discussed


Subject(s)
Humans , Detergents/pharmacology , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Soaps/pharmacology , Detergents/chemistry , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Pandemics , Soaps/chemistry , Solubility , Water/chemistry , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Lipid Bilayers/chemistry
12.
s.l; RedARETS; feb.-mar. 2021.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1151438

ABSTRACT

CoNTEXTO: La transfusión de plasma convaleciente a una persona con una infección viral podría neutralizar el microorganismo patógeno que lo afecta y, así, darle tiempo a esa persona de poner en marcha uma respuesta inmune activa, es decir, generada por su propio sistema inmunológico. La evidencia actual muestra que el uso de plasma de convaleciente no tiene efecto en mortalidad o en requerimiento de ventilación mecánica invasiva en pacientes con enfermedad severa por COVID-19. Las recomendaciones actuales basadas en evidencia, recomiendan en contra del uso de plasma de convaleciente para el tratamiento la COVID-19. Sin embargo, evidencia reciente sugirió un beneficio potencial en el uso temprano en adultos mayores, lo cual llevó al Ministerio de Salud de la Nación a realizar una recomendación acerca de su uso en este escenario. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGÍA: La inmunización pasiva, en este caso con anticuerpos heterólogos provenientes del plasma de pacientes recuperados de un proceso infeccioso por esa misma enfermedad, aplicados en forma temprana en la evolución de la enfermedad y en concentraciones suficientes, podrían complementar la respuesta inmune y mejorar la evolución de los pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos del tratamiento con plasma de convaleciente en pacientes con e nfermedad temprana o ultra-temprana (menos de 7 días o menos de 3 días, respectivamente) por coronavirus (COVID-19) y el impacto presupuestario derivado de su aplicación temprana o ultra-temprana en mayores de 75 años. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una evaluación de tecnología sanitaria para valorar los efectos del tratamiento con plasma de convaleciente en pacientes con enfermedad temprana o ultra-temprana (menos de 7 días o menos de 3 días, respectivamente) por coronavirus (COVID-19) y el impacto presupuestario derivado de su aplicación em mayores de 70 años y brindar herramientas para evaluar la adherencia de esta recomendación y su incorporación o no a las intervenciones terapéuticas utilizadas en el ámbito de la provincia de Rio Negro para el tratamiento de personas que padecen COVID-19. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la evidencia disponible para responder a la pregunta de investigación y una búsqueda sistemática de recomendaciones acerca de esta terapéutica. Posteriormente se modeló um análisis de impacto presupuestario desde la perspectiva del financiador. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 744 estudios de los cuales 21 son ECA (ensayos controlados aleatorizados) que reportaron datos y 403 no ECA que reportaron datos. Luego de exclusión de duplicados y otros tipos de estudios, fueron seleccionados 3 ECA y 2 ECNA (ensayos controlados NO aleatorizados) que respondieron a la pregunta de investigación y cumplieron con los criterios de selección con 5820 pacientes en los que se comparó la infusión temprana de plasma de convaleciente contra placebo o el uso tardío del plasma. CONCLUSIÓN: El impacto presupuestario es alto, incluso desde el punto de vista de un análisis económico conservador que no considera la logística de implementación como red de atención temprana, telefonistas, traslados, etc. A esto se suman las dificultades existentes en cuanto a factibilidad de implementación y distribución, con alto riesgo de tener un impacto negativo en la equidad. Su uso temprano, en pacientes moderados de alto riesgo y sin enfermedad severa, con un producto de muy alto título de anticuerpos, basado en su plausibilidad biológica, posee un beneficio incierto y no resulta factible de implementar, pudiendo impactar en forma negativa en la equidad del sistema de salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Cost-Benefit Analysis
13.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 45(2): 104-121, mar. 2021.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-191008

ABSTRACT

La infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2, denominada COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 19), fue detectada inicialmente en China en diciembre 2019, y posteriormente se ha diseminado rápidamente por todo el mundo, hasta el punto de que el 11 de marzo la OMS declaró que el brote podría definirse como pandemia. La COVID-19 presenta un cuadro que oscila desde episodios leves pseudogripales a otros graves e incluso potencialmente mortales debido, sobre todo, a insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. Es frecuente el ingreso de estos pacientes en nuestros Servicios de Medicina Intensiva en relación con un Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo (SDRA). La falta de un tratamiento con evidencia científica ha llevado al empleo de diferentes pautas terapéuticas, en muchas ocasiones, con modificaciones rápidas de los protocolos. Recientes revisiones en revistas de prestigio han destacado la falta de terapias probadas y la necesidad de ensayo clínicos que permitan establecer pautas de tratamiento claras y objetivas. Este documento tiene por objeto ofrecer una actualización de la terapia que se está aplicando en la actualidad, y una ayuda en la asistencia diaria, sin pretender sustituir los protocolos adoptados en cada centro


Infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as COVID-19 (Corona VIrus Disease-19) was initially detected in China in December 2019, and has subsequently spread rapidly throughout the world, to the point that on March 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the outbreak could be defined as a pandemic. COVID-19 disease ranges from mild flu-like episodes to other serious and even life-threatening conditions, mainly due to acute respiratory failure. These patients are frequently admitted to our Intensive Care Units in relation to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The lack of a treatment based on scientific evidence has led to the use of different management guidelines, in many cases with rapid changes in the applied protocols. Recent reviews in reputed journals have unders cored the lack of proven therapies and the need for clinical trials to establish clear and objective treatment guidelines. The present study provides an update on the currently applied treatment, and intends to offer help in relation to daily care, without seeking to replace the protocols adopted in each individual center


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Prodrugs/administration & dosage , Hydroxychloroquine/administration & dosage , Azithromycin/administration & dosage , Interferon beta-1b/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Immunologic Factors
15.
Viruses ; 13(2)2021 02 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33546185

ABSTRACT

The long-term control strategy of SARS-CoV-2 and other major respiratory viruses needs to include antivirals to treat acute infections, in addition to the judicious use of effective vaccines. Whilst COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out for mass vaccination, the modest number of antivirals in use or development for any disease bears testament to the challenges of antiviral development. We recently showed that non-cytotoxic levels of thapsigargin (TG), an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ ATPase pump, induces a potent host innate immune antiviral response that blocks influenza A virus replication. Here we show that TG is also highly effective in blocking the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), common cold coronavirus OC43, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in immortalized or primary human cells. TG's antiviral performance was significantly better than remdesivir and ribavirin in their respective inhibition of OC43 and RSV. Notably, TG was just as inhibitory to coronaviruses (OC43 and SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses (USSR H1N1 and pdm 2009 H1N1) in separate infections as in co-infections. Post-infection oral gavage of acid-stable TG protected mice against a lethal influenza virus challenge. Together with its ability to inhibit the different viruses before or during active infection, and with an antiviral duration of at least 48 h post-TG exposure, we propose that TG (or its derivatives) is a promising broad-spectrum inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2, OC43, RSV and influenza virus.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Coronavirus OC43, Human/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/drug effects , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Thapsigargin/pharmacology , Animals , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus/physiology , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Cells, Cultured , Coronavirus OC43, Human/physiology , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Humans , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/drug therapy , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/physiology , Ribavirin/pharmacology , SARS-CoV-2/physiology , Thapsigargin/therapeutic use , Virus Replication/drug effects
17.
Québec; INESSS; 24 févr. 2021.
Non-conventional in French | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1150884

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTE: Le présent document ainsi que les constats qu'il énonce ont été rédigés en réponse à une interpellation de l'Ordre des pharmaciens du Québec (OPQ) dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire liée à la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19) au Québec. L'objectif est de réaliser une recension sommaire des données publiées et de mobiliser les savoirs clés afin d'informer les décideurs publics et les professionnels de la santé et des services sociaux. Bien que les constats reposent sur un repérage exhaustif des données scientifiques publiées, sur l'évaluation de la qualité méthodologique des études et sur une appréciation du niveau de preuve scientifique par paramètre clinique d'intérêt, le processus ne repose pas entièrement sur une méthode systématique selon les normes habituelles à l'INESSS. Dans les circonstances d'une telle crise de santé publique, l'INESSS reste à l'affût de toutes nouvelles données, qu'elles soient de nature scientifique ou contextuelle, susceptibles de lui faire modifier cette réponse. MÉTHODOLOGIE : Questions d'évaluation Est-ce que le dextrométhorphane devrait être proscrit chez les patients COVID-19 positif? Quelle est la position des sociétés savantes, des agences règlementaires, des agences de santé publique et des agences d'évaluation des technologies en santé sur l'usage du dextrométhorphane en COVID-19? Type de revue de littérature: Revue systématique rapide Repérage des publications : La stratégie de recherche et le repérage des documents tirés de la littérature scientifique ont été réalisés par un conseiller en information scientifique et une professionnelle scientifique en utilisant notamment les mots clés suivants : dextrométhorphane, COVID19, coronavirus, SRAS-CoV-2. RÉSULTATS: Données pré-cliniques (in vitro et in vivo) Le dextrométhorphane est un analogue du lévorphanol, un opioïde synthétique. Ce médicament traverse la barrière hémato-encéphalique et active les récepteurs opioïdes sigma du centre de la toux pour ainsi supprimer le réflexe de la toux. Il est utilisé notamment comme antitussif. Une étude réalisée in vitro avait pour but d'identifier parmi des médicaments déjà disponibles sur le marché des traitements potentiels contre la COVID-19 [Gordon et al., 2020]. Ainsi, 69 médicaments ont été sélectionnés notamment sur la base de leur interaction avec des protéines du virus SRAS-CoV-2. Parmi ceux-ci, la chloroquine, la clémastine, l'halopéridol et le dextrométhorphane ciblaient les récepteur sigma-1. Toutefois, seul le dextrométhorphane augmentait l'activité virale. Les auteurs n'expliquent pas cette divergence de réponse aux différents ligands des récepteurs sigma-1. Un autre essai suggère que le mécanisme expliquant cet effet proviral serait une déstabilisation structurale et une augmentation dans la dynamique conformationnelle [Pandey et al., 2020]. Toutefois, dans une étude a utilisé une approche in silico pour évaluer les propriétés de l'association dextrométhorphane/prednisolone/dexaméthasone, les résultats suggèrent plutôt que cette association pourraient être une thérapie efficace contre la COVID-19 [Sarkar et al., 2020]. Il est à noter qu'une étude a évalué l'effet du dextrométhorphane in vitro et in vivo sur le virus de l'influenza [Enkirch et al., 2019]. Les résultats ont montré que chez des cellules de reins canins infectées avec les souches classique H1N1 PR8, H1N1 pandémique et H3N2 saisonnière, la dose efficace médiane (CE50) se situerait entre 5 et 50 µM. L'évaluation de son efficacité chez les souris suggèrent qu'il diminuerait significativement les titres viraux pulmonaires et augmenterait l'efficacité de l'oseltamivir. Enfin, dans un modèle animal de furet infecté avec la souche H1N1 pandémique, le dextrométhorphane a diminué la sévérité de la présentation clinique de la maladie, mais n'a pas affecté les titres viraux. DISCUSSION: Au terme des travaux, il ressort qu'aucune donnée scientifique dans la littérature ne permet d'établir une relation claire entre le dextrométhorphane et la COVID-19. À la suite de l'analyse effectuée, seules des études in vitro/in silico ont été répertoriées. Ces dernières présentaient des résultats contradictoires en ce qui a trait à l'impact du dextrométhorphane sur l'activité virale du virus SRAS-CoV-2. Le devis de ces études ainsi que le caractère contradictoire des résultats rendent difficile la prise d'une position claire. Il est notamment nécessaire d'avoir une étude effectuée chez les humains avant de pouvoir tirer toute conclusion en lien avec le dextrométhorphane et la COVID-19. En demeurant à l'affût de nouvelles données scientifiques, cette réponse permet d'informer les professionnels de la santé et de les soutenir dans leur prise de décision clinique dans le contexte de la pandémie actuelle.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Dextromethorphan/pharmacology , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Cost Efficiency Analysis
18.
Washington; PAHO; Jan. 29, 2021. 195 p.
Non-conventional in English | PIE | ID: biblio-1146643

ABSTRACT

The vast amount of data generated by clinical studies of potential therapeutic options for COVID-19 presents important challenges. This new information must be interpreted quickly so that prescribers can make optimal treatment decisions with as little harm to patients as possible, and so that medicines manufacturers can scale-up production rapidly and bolster their supply chains. Interpreting new data quickly will save lives by ensuring that reportedly successful drugs can be administered to as many patients as possible as quickly as possible. The fifteenth edition of this database of evidence on potential therapeutic options for COVID-19 examines 79 therapeutic options. This information will help investigators, policy makers, and prescribers navigate the flood of relevant data to ensure that management of COVID-19, at both individual and population levels, is based on the best available knowledge. This resource will be continually updated as more research is released into the public space.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Immunologic Factors/immunology
19.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 156(1): 7-12, ene. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-196134

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analizar si existe asociación entre el uso de glucocorticoides a dosis altas y la evolución de la SAFI (saturación/fracción inspirada de oxígeno) o el tiempo hasta el alta, en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional sobre una cohorte de 418 pacientes ingresados en 3 hospitales comarcales de Cataluña (España). Como resultados primarios se estudiaron la evolución de la SAFI en las primeras 48h de tratamiento y el tiempo hasta el alta. Los resultados se compararon entre pacientes tratados y no tratados con glucocorticoides (metilprednisolona 1-2mg/kg/día o dexametasona 20-40mg/día), mediante el análisis de subcohortes emparejadas por múltiples factores clínicos y pronósticos, así como mediante modelos multivariantes de Cox, ajustados por diversos factores pronósticos. El uso simultáneo de diferentes tratamientos para la COVID-19 fue tenido en cuenta, tanto en el emparejamiento de subcohortes como en la regresión de Cox. RESULTADOS: Hubo 187 pacientes con glucocorticoides; de ellos, 25 pacientes pudieron ser emparejados con un número equivalente de pacientes control. En las subcohortes emparejadas, no se apreció diferencia en el tiempo hasta el alta (log-rank: p = 0,291), ni en el cambio en la SAFI a las 48h desde la basal (glucocorticoides: −0,04; controles: +0,37; p = 0,095). Los modelos multivariantes mediante regresión de Cox mostraron un tiempo hasta el alta significativamente más largo en pacientes tratados con glucocorticoides (hazard ratio: 7,26; IC 95%: 3,30-15,95). CONCLUSIONES: No hemos encontrado mejoría en la función respiratoria o tiempo hasta el alta, asociado al uso de glucocorticoides a dosis altas


OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether there is an association between the use glucocorticoids at high doses, and the evolution of saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SAFI) or time to discharge, in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. METHODS: This was an observational study on a cohort of 418 patients admitted to three regional hospitals in Catalonia, Spain. As primary outcomes, we studied the evolution of SAFI in the first 48hours of treatment and the time to discharge. The results were compared between patients treated and untreated with glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone 1-2mg/kg/day o dexamethasone 20-40mg/day) through sub-cohort analyses matched for multiple clinical and prognostic factors, as well as through Cox multivariate models adjusted for prognostic factors. The simultaneous use of different treatments for COVID-19 was taken into account, both in sub-cohorts matching and in Cox regression. RESULTS: There were 187 patients treated with glucocorticoids; of these, 25 patients could be matched with an equivalent number of control patients. In the analysis of these matched sub-cohorts, no significant difference was observed in time to discharge (log-rank: p = 0.291) or the increment in SAFI at 48hours of treatment (glucocorticoides: −0.04; controls: +0.37; p = 0.095). Multivariate models using Cox regression showed a significantly longer time to discharge in patients treated with glucocorticoids (hazard ratio: 7.26; 95% IC: 3.30-15.95). CONCLUSIONS: We have not found improvement in respiratory function or time until discharge, associated with the use of glucocorticoids at high doses


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Patient Discharge , Cohort Studies , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy
20.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2225: 25-38, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33108655

ABSTRACT

Various systems exist for the robust production of recombinant proteins. However, only a few systems are optimal for human vaccine protein production. Plant-based transient protein expression systems offer an advantageous alternative to costly mammalian cell culture-based systems and can perform posttranslational modifications due to the presence of an endomembrane system that is largely similar to that of the animal cell. Technological advances in expression vectors for transient expression in the last two decades have produced new plant expression systems with the flexibility and speed that cannot be matched by those based on mammalian or insect cell culture. The rapid and high-level protein production capability of transient expression systems makes them the optimal system to quickly and versatilely develop and produce vaccines against viruses such as 2019-nCoV that have sudden and unpredictable outbreaks. Here, expression of antiviral subunit vaccines in Nicotiana benthamiana plants via transient expression is demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Pandemics/prevention & control , Plants/immunology , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Subunit/biosynthesis , Betacoronavirus/immunology , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Genetic Vectors , Humans , Plants/genetics , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , SARS-CoV-2
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